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''Hydnum repandum'', commonly known as the sweet tooth, wood hedgehog or hedgehog mushroom, is an edible mushroom with no poisonous lookalikes. A basidiomycete fungus of the family Hydnaceae, it is the type species of the genus ''Hydnum''. The fungus produces fruit bodies (mushrooms) that are characterized by their spore-bearing structures—in the form of spines rather than gills—which hang down from the underside of the cap. The cap is dry, colored yellow to light orange to brown, and often develops an irregular shape, especially when it has grown closely crowded with adjacent fruit bodies. The mushroom tissue is white with a pleasant odor and a spicy or bitter taste. All parts of the mushroom stain orange with age or when bruised. A mycorrhizal fungus, ''Hydnum repandum'' is broadly distributed in Asia, Australia, North America and Europe where it fruits singly or in close groups in coniferous or deciduous woodland. This is a choice edible species, although mature specimens can develop a bitter taste. Mushrooms are collected and sold in local markets of Europe, Mexico, and Canada. == Taxonomy == First officially described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 ''Species Plantarum'', ''Hydnum repandum'' was sanctioned by Elias Fries in 1821.〔 The species has been shuffled to several genera: ''Hypothele'' by Jean-Jacques Paulet in 1812; ''Dentinum'' by Samuel Frederick Gray in 1821; ''Tyrodon'' by Petter Karsten in 1881 ''Sarcodon'' by Lucien Quélet in 1886.〔 After a 1977 nomenclatural proposal by mycologist Ronald H. Petersen〔 was accepted, ''Hydnum repandum'' became the official type species of the genus ''Hydnum''. Previously, supporting arguments for making ''H. repandum'' the type were made by Marinus Anton Donk (1958)〔 and Petersen (1973),〔 while Zdeněk Pouzar (1958)〔 and Kenneth Harrison (1971) thought that ''H. imbricatum'' should be the type.〔 Several forms and varieties of ''H. repandum'' have been described. Forms ''albidum'' and ''rufescens'', found in Russia, were published by T.L. Nikolajeva in 1961;〔 the latter taxon is synonymous with ''H. rufescens''.〔 Form ''amarum'', published from Slovenia by Zlata Stropnik, Bogdan Tratnik and Garbrijel Seljak in 1988,〔 is illegitimate as per article 36.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, as it was not given a sufficiently comprehensive description. Jean-Baptiste Barla described ''H. repandum'' var. ''rufescens'' in 1859.〔 Carleton Rea described the white fruit bodied version as a variety—''H. repandum'' var. ''album''—in 1922.〔 Molecular studies have shown that the current species concept for ''H. repandum'' may need revision as there is a poor overlap between morphological and molecular species concepts. Phylogenetic analysis of European specimens, based on internal transcribed spacer and 5.8S DNA sequences, indicates that ''H. repandum'' specimens form two distinct clades, whose only consistent morphological distinction is cap size. These genetic differences may indicate the presence of undescribed cryptic species, and that the taxon may currently be undergoing intensive speciation.〔 The specific epithet ''repandum'' means "bent back", referring to the wavy cap margin. The varietal epithet ''album'' means "white as an egg".〔 ''Hydnum repandum'' has been given several vernacular names: "sweet tooth",〔 "yellow tooth fungus",〔 "wood urchin",〔 "spreading hedgehog",〔 "hedgehog mushroom", or "pig's trotter".〔 The variety ''alba'' is known as "white wood".〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hydnum repandum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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